Dave,
Out of curiosity, is there a reason you want them inside instead of outside other than convenience? I ask because they will grow so
much better if even on only on the porch... I am in agreement with cap chef, herbs thrive best with sun and heat, especially basil.
As for companion planting, this is usually referred to with combinations of vegetables and herbs as opposed to just herbs. You don't have to worry too much about it with herbs.
Of your selections: Thyme Parsley Basil Rosemary Mint Oregano
I would plant the mint in a different container. Mint is very invasive. It will send out "runners" underneath the surface of the soil and eventually take over your pot.
Regarding layout, plant your parsley, basil, and rosemary towards the center of your container as they are taller plants - and the thyme and oregano will "fill in" at the bottom and can cascade over the sides of the container. The bigger your container, the better.
Also, use a container which is at least 6" deep. The rest of your selections should be fine. You could also get a miniature "strawberry pot" to plant your selections.
I started like you a few years ago and was displeased with the lack of growth having been accustomed to vegetable gardening years ago. I then brought them outside and they did much better, all still in one container. The next year I planted each herb in it's own pot so the root systems had room to grow and the plants were even bigger. Last year I planted them in the ground and you just can't beat the growth if you do this.
FYI: here is an
herb companion chart for you.
You may find the following links informative:
Gardening with Herbs Planting a Kitchen Herb Garden One-Stop Herb Garden Windowsill Gardening Container Herb Gardening Kitchen Herb Gardening