>rise up and abolish<
Actually, the phrase used is "alter or abolish," as in: "That whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute new governments........"
The major contribution to realpolitic from our founding fathers was the idea that the people have the right to alter governments using violent means.
The Declaration of Independence was written for two purposes. First was to announce that viewpoint, and justify the use of violence. If you actually read the Declaration you find it says that under such and such conditions it is not only just, it is imperative that the people use whatever means necessary to rectify evil. It then has a long list of "abuses and usurpations" to demonstate that those conditions have, indeed, been met. So violent overthrow of the government is thereby justified.
The second major purpose was to blame the king for the actions of parlaiment. There were reasons for that, of course, which, in the long run, didn't mean much in terms of the American Revolution. But the special Anglo/American relationship which has existed since 1814 (and, in reality, before that) results, in part, from the fact we did not declare war on parliament.
Later on the Constitution would assure a mechanism for changing governments without the need for violence.
>Now folks like Chucky Shumer and Diane Feinstein claim it really means The National Guard.<
That's somewhat of an oversimplification of what they say. First, keep in mind, that the amendment says that because a well regulated militia is necessary to our freedom, Congress shall make no law.....
What they are doing is not questioning the right, but the definition of militia. Then they use that to "prove" that it's not necessary for the rest of us to go armed. All that, of course, falls under the rubric "preemptive surrender," something that liberals are very good at.
However, once again, if we go back to what the founding fathers say, it is obvious what they mean by "militia" is the citizen soldier, ready to spring up whenever needed to defend against evil. Despite many philosophical differences, the fact is that Washington, Hamilton, Adams, and Jefferson would all consider the National Guard to be a formally instituted military arm, under the control of the government, and, therefore, not a militia.
Even so, the liberals are wrong for a more basic reason. A stated reason for the law is not the law itself. So even if you could demonstate that we have a militia in the form of the National Guard, it's irrelevent. The law says, "Congress shall make no law...."