Rajeev - Funny - When I saw the original post, I thought of the same book.
ChefCJM - This book won't address some of what you are looking for, but I do find it useful for flavor pairings and such. Culinary Artistry has extensive lists of ingredients and cross-references with other flavors or cooking styles.
I have an extensive professional pastry book collection, but have never come across a book that specifically addresses creating a recipe from scratch.
The fact that you are self-taught does not change anything. In culinary school, we are taught to follow established techniques and perhaps experiment with combining different components, but not how to create recipes.
When it comes to cakes or breads, I find it useful to understand the science of the recipe, for this, Shirley Corriher, Rose Levy Beranbaum and Harold McGee are great. They each have books that cover everything from the basics to the advanced.
Once you have some of these for reference, you can start with a base recipe and adapt it to your needs. This is easier than trying to re-invent the wheel.
Is there an example of a cake or bread you would like to create?