While I can't say for certain about European nations, to open a business, any business doesn't really require any type of diploma that I know of, at least here in the US. Now the people you have working in those businesses is a whole other matter. Now, if you are also going to be a manager in that place you may need some sort of certification. Here in the US, most areas require that at least 1 person is on premise during all operating hours who has a non-expired Servsafe certification or the equivalent, but that doesn't necessarily need to be the owner. There may be other laws also in regards to serving alcohol and having bartenders having taken certification courses, but again that doesn't pertain to the owner if he/she isn't behind the bar serving drinks.
While Switzerland wasn't in your list, you do need a "Wirte prufung" to operate, or at least you did in the '90's. Pretty sure Germany is the same. This is a course and subsequant battery of tests, usually about 4-5 mths full time. Everything from building materials to civil law is covered, with heavy emphasis on book keeping. Its no mickey-mouse course.
Since this website is frequented mostly by N.Americans, it is not the most ideal place to ask this question.
In Germany (most EU countries will be similar) you need an alcohol license, for which you'll have to submit a food safety certificate (obtained through a half-day course) and a health certificate (another 4-hour course). That's pretty much it.
The industry has been regulated into the poorhouse already.
Don't give anyone any ideas for more....
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mimi
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